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Lutz Pharaoh


Joined: 02 Sep 2007 Posts: 4060 Location: Berlin, Germany
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Ikon Scribe


Joined: 09 Jul 2012 Posts: 277
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Posted: Mon Apr 09, 2018 7:20 am Post subject: |
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A few weeks ago there was a very good documentary about this on TV with information that was completely new, particularly about Tutankhamun's cuirass and how it was constructed.
I would debate their findings that he was a warrior pharaoh though as they ignored the physical issues that his mummy shows. His left foot rather mitigates against a very active lifestyle. Then there is the scene on a box of him and Akhesenamun, where he is sitting down to shoot an arrow, why sit down if you are a fit young warrior pharaoh? Why have so many walking sticks as well.
I suspect that what we see is perhaps an ancient example of the tricks used to hide the incapacity of FDR from the public. Who knows, maybe Tutankhamun did ride in a chariot, but held in place by some type of harness as he would have had a bit of difficulty with that pesky left foot in maintaining balance in a chariot bouncing about. |
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panther42 Citizen

Joined: 02 Nov 2018 Posts: 1
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Posted: Fri Nov 02, 2018 10:35 pm Post subject: |
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Lutz,
from seeing you as a very fact based individual, I find it hard to believe anything found in tut's tomb would encourage you to post something which is not proved?
Tut's tomb is basically a cache of objects thrown together. How do we know this is from anything to do with Tut? |
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Lutz Pharaoh


Joined: 02 Sep 2007 Posts: 4060 Location: Berlin, Germany
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Posted: Sun Nov 04, 2018 4:05 pm Post subject: |
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panther42 wrote: | ... Tut's tomb is basically a cache of objects thrown together. How do we know this is from anything to do with Tut? |
The French term "cachette" is used in Egyptology for the hiding place of mummies or temple statues : DB 320; KV 35; Bab El-Gasus; Statues, steles and reliefs in the first courtyard at Karnak Temple; Statues in the courtyard of Amenhotep III. at Luxor Temple. None of the fund groups discovered in these "cachettes" are even remotely comparable to the one in KV 62 ...
The objects from KV 62 were made or were re-dedicated for the funeral of Tutanchamun, come from his personal possession (right down to his underwear) or can be referred to as so-called "family souvenirs".
I personally have never claimed that the obvious traces of use on the harnisch are a clear evidence of a "warrior king" Tutanchamun. However, one must admit that they can be an indication (along with others, such as the traces of use on the chariot, the reliefs described by Johnson, etc.). And, participation in a battle, and death as a result of injuries sustained there, would also be a logical explanation for the anomalies in the mummification of the king. _________________ Ägyptologie Forum (German) |
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neseret Vizier


Joined: 10 Jul 2008 Posts: 1033 Location: United Kingdom
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Posted: Sun Dec 16, 2018 10:30 pm Post subject: |
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Lutz wrote: | panther42 wrote: | ... Tut's tomb is basically a cache of objects thrown together. How do we know this is from anything to do with Tut? |
The French term "cachette" is used in Egyptology for the hiding place of mummies or temple statues : DB 320; KV 35; Bab El-Gasus; Statues, steles and reliefs in the first courtyard at Karnak Temple; Statues in the courtyard of Amenhotep III. at Luxor Temple. None of the fund groups discovered in these "cachettes" are even remotely comparable to the one in KV 62 ...
The objects from KV 62 were made or were re-dedicated for the funeral of Tutanchamun, come from his personal possession (right down to his underwear) or can be referred to as so-called "family souvenirs".
I personally have never claimed that the obvious traces of use on the harnisch are a clear evidence of a "warrior king" Tutanchamun. However, one must admit that they can be an indication (along with others, such as the traces of use on the chariot, the reliefs described by Johnson, etc.). And, participation in a battle, and death as a result of injuries sustained there, would also be a logical explanation for the anomalies in the mummification of the king. |
Quite right to not take a single artefact as evidence of a "warrior" lifestyle. That said, the fact that a king appears to have had disabilities did not stop Siptah from ruling effectively, and W.R. Johnson has postulated that a wall found inside Horemheb's third (?) pylon at Karnak recount a Tutankhamun war with Syria that actually occurred with the king at the forefront. There are unique features to the battle scenes, argues Johnson, that indicate a factual occurrence, rather than a symbolic battle scene for ritual purposes. Johnson notes that it is Tutankhamun who starts the ritual battle scene imagery on walls of temples and tombs, as a predecessor to the Ramessid period (this is also support by Murnane, 1990). Johnson has also argued that these scenes may actually lengthen the reign of the king from 10 to 12 years.
See:
Johnson, W. R. 1992. An Asiatic Battle Scene of Tutankhamun from Thebes: A Late Amarna Antecedent of the Ramesside Battle-Narrative Tradition. Ph.D (Unpublished), The University of Chicago: Chicago.
Murnane, W. J. 1990. The Road to Kadesh: A Historical Interpretation of the Battle Reliefs of King Sety I at Karnak. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations. SAOC 42. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
A Summary of Johnson's theory shows that perhaps Tutankhamun's death occurred from the Syrian battle. I know that a Channel 5 (UK) series, King Tut's Treasure Secrets [Part 1 of 3], postulated something similar, though I did not watch this documentary.
While having a club foot (such as Siptah had, and has been proposed as well for Tutankhamun) may mean an instability for walking, the evidence of over 100 walking sticks in KV62 could argue that the king was able to steady himself in battle to strike blows against an enemy, though more recent examinations of his mummy appear to argue against his conducting battle from a chariot.
Regards, _________________ Katherine Griffis-Greenberg
Doctoral Candidate
Oriental Institute
Oriental Studies
Doctoral Programme [Egyptology]
Oxford University
Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Montuhotep88 Priest


Joined: 12 Dec 2008 Posts: 563 Location: Central Ohio
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Posted: Mon Dec 17, 2018 8:19 am Post subject: |
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A cuirass was signs of wear doesn't seem to me to be very convincing evidence of its wear in a specific environment, such as battle-- it could just as easily have been in a controlled 'training' environment, on a hunt, or during a 'show the pharaoh to the troops tour,' as it were.
I'm inevitably reminded of King Gama's son Arac singing about removing his cuirass to go into battle (after having worn it the entire play).  |
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Lutz Pharaoh


Joined: 02 Sep 2007 Posts: 4060 Location: Berlin, Germany
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Posted: Mon Dec 17, 2018 10:52 am Post subject: |
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Montuhotep88 wrote: | A cuirass was signs of wear doesn't seem to me to be very convincing evidence of its wear in a specific environment, ... |
As already said several times, these traces of use alone certainly not. But it forms a circumstantial evidence chain with look on the other mentioned indications / findings. Again, see ...
Raymond Johnson : An Asiatic Battle Scene of Tutankhamun from Thebes (PhD, Chicago, 1992)
... or, shorter and compact, his article from 2010 in Archaeology Magazine (63-2) " Warrior Tut " :
Quote: | ... The historical implications are profound. Contemporary reliefs in the private tomb of Horemheb preserve scenes showing Syrian and Nubian prisoners being brought before Tutankhamun, as well as a military camp scene. The grisly details in the Tutankhamun mortuary temple battle narrative suggest that they were observed and recorded on the battlefield during real campaigns. Egyptian art at this time stressed truthfulness. Tut's presence in these scenes indicates that the young king participated in these campaigns.
The recent reexamination of Tutankhamun's body suggests that his death was the result of an accident that injured his leg, leading to a fatal infection. An accident of this sort might have taken place while the young king was on a military campaign, but we will probably never know, because on matters such as the accidental death of a king Egyptian sources are traditionally silent. ... |
Greetings, Lutz. _________________ Ägyptologie Forum (German) |
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karnsculpture Scribe

Joined: 27 May 2010 Posts: 307
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Posted: Mon Dec 17, 2018 11:24 am Post subject: |
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An Egyptian defeat with the king killed would explain an awful lot -
Tut's body
Horemheb and Ay - the latter taking the throne; was the former either occupied with a crisis situation or perhaps *seen as* responsible somehow - the king killed while under his protection?
The reliefs being taken down by Horemheb at a later date. |
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Montuhotep88 Priest


Joined: 12 Dec 2008 Posts: 563 Location: Central Ohio
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Posted: Mon Dec 17, 2018 1:38 pm Post subject: |
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Lutz wrote: | As already said several times, these traces of use alone certainly not. But it forms a circumstantial evidence chain with look on the other mentioned indications / findings. |
Stipulated. And we have strong indications that at least some pharaohs did in fact lead their troops personally. We're also pretty certain that some of the "pharaoh-in-battle" scenes are purely formulaic, to represent pharaoh repulsing the forces of evil/chaos/whatever. So while I will admit the evidence is suggestive, I don't think it verges into anything like certainty. |
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Lutz Pharaoh


Joined: 02 Sep 2007 Posts: 4060 Location: Berlin, Germany
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Posted: Tue Dec 18, 2018 2:21 pm Post subject: |
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Raymond Johnson : An Asiatic Battle Scene of Tutankhamun from Thebes - A Late Amarna Antecedent of the Ramesside Battle-Narrative Tradition (PhD, Chicago, 1992), page 138 :
Greetings, Lutz. _________________ Ägyptologie Forum (German) |
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maat Citizen

Joined: 18 Jun 2019 Posts: 70
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Posted: Wed Jun 19, 2019 11:40 pm Post subject: |
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Examination of Tutankhamun's mummy found he had a club foot that would have hobbled him.
Tutankhamun could not have actively engaged in military combat as he would have been a liability to his troops.
The military equipment found in KV62 did not belong to Tut. |
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karnsculpture Scribe

Joined: 27 May 2010 Posts: 307
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Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2019 12:01 am Post subject: |
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He was the king, he won’t have actually been in the front line as a foot soldier. He had chariots, horses and men to support and protect him. The items in the tomb were definitely his, that’s fact, they were buried with him and in many cases have his name on. What we can’t say, with any king except possibly Sequenere Tao, is what happened on the battlefield. Likely Horemheb and Seti I did fight as they were from a military background with careers prior to being kings, but they were in the elite and well protected. |
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maat Citizen

Joined: 18 Jun 2019 Posts: 70
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Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2019 12:22 am Post subject: |
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Karns, I have a only a few minutes left before I leave this session but I can demonstrate almost nothing in the tomb belongs to Tutankhamun. He is not principal in the tomb.
Just a quick note: consider the items found in niches in his burial chamber.
The flame that was to be in the west wall at his head was missing and the Osiris figure in wall at his feet did not face toward his feet (per Carter's journal).
Proper placement would have identified him as principal in the tomb. Those are only two of many references. Tutankhamun is a representative but the tomb is not properly his own. |
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maat Citizen

Joined: 18 Jun 2019 Posts: 70
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Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2019 12:29 am Post subject: |
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As for his military participation. I agree that he would not have to have been directly in the battle but that would have diminished him in the eyes of his troops as a military leader.
There is ample evidence in the tomb (KV62) that Tutankhamun is not the principal figure (owner?) of the tomb. Although, he was indeed king. |
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maat Citizen

Joined: 18 Jun 2019 Posts: 70
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Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2019 6:13 pm Post subject: |
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Wear to armor found in the tomb cannot have been from its use by Tutankhamun in combat because of his impairment.
Wear is not likely from practice because he still had a disabled foot.
Either the armor is his and was actively used in combat or it was used by someone else.
Evidence in the tomb indicates the armor was not his. |
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